Itara ry’uguvura amafoto ni igikoresho gisohora uburebure bw’umuco bwihariye kugira ngo umuntu ashike ku ntumbero yo kuvura, ubuzima bw’umuntu- kwitwararika, canke intumbero zo kwisiga biciye ku ngaruka z’umubiri canke z’imiti y’umuco. Ingingo ngenderwako yayo nyamukuru iri mu vy’uko uburebure bw’umuco butandukanye bushobora gufatwa n’imitsi y’abantu (nk’urukoba n’ingingo), bigatuma habaho urutonde rw’ingene umubiri ukora kugira ngo haboneke ibibazo vy’ubuzima canke ubwiza.
I. Gushira mu migwi kw'ibimenyetso vy'ubuvuzi bw'amafoto: Ku Burebure n'Impwemu
Ingaruka z’umuco ziratandukanye cane n’uburebure bwayo bw’umuvuduko, ivyo bikaba ari vyo bikora nk’ishimikiro ryo gushikiriza amatara y’amafoto. Ubwoko bw’ubu bushaje buratandukanywa n’imirongo y’uburebure bw’umuvuduko, uburyo bwo gukora, n’ibintu bikoreshwa, nk’uko bigaragara mu ndome iri musi:
| Ubwoko | Ibarabara ry'Ibarabara ry'Ibara | Uburyo bw'Ibikorwa | Ibikoresho nyamukuru |
|---|---|---|---|
| Amatara y'imiti y'amazi (UV) | UVC (200-280nm), UVB (280-320nm), UVA (320-400nm) | - UVC: Igaragaza ADN y’imigera (imigera, virusi) kugira ngo ikoreshwe; - UVB: Itera imbere vitamine D mu rukoba kandi itunganya inyishu z’ubudahangarwa bw’umubiri; - UVA: Ipengateme mu rukoba, ikora ibintu bishobora gutuma umuntu akora neza, canke ivyura melanine. |
- UVC: Indwara y’imigera mu bidukikije vy’ubuvuzi (nk’akarorero, ivyumba vyo gukoreramwo, imyambaro) n’ugukuraho ibintu ku ruhande; - UVB: Guvura indwara z’urukoba nk’indwara ya psoriasis, vitiligo, na eczema; - UVA: Guvura vitiligo (n’imiti igaragara, izwi nka PUVA ubuvuzi) n’ugukuraho urukoba. |
| Amatara y'Umuco w'Umuco w'Umuco | Umuco utukura (620-760nm), umuco w’ubururu (400-480nm), umuco w’umuhondo (570-590nm) | - Umuco w’umutuku: Ipetetenti igera kure cane mu rukoba (gushika ku ruhu), itera imbere mu guhindura ingingo ngenderwako n’ugukora collagen, kandi igabanura umururumba; - umuco w'ubururu: Ivyagezwe biri ku ruhande rw'urukoba, yicaImyambaro y'imiti(acne- Gutera imigera), kandi bibuza gusohoka kw’ibihimba vy’umubiri; - Umuco w’umuhondo: Ituma urukoba rugenda neza, rukazimangana, kandi rugakuraho ubushobozi bwo gutahura urukoba. |
- urumuri rw’umutuku: Gusanura urukoba (nk’akarorero, ibimenyetso vy’ibikomere, ibipfunsi vyiza), gukira ibikomere (nk’uguturika, inyuma y’ugukira - n’ugukira kw’umururumba w’ingingo; - Umuco w'ubururu: Guvura ibisebe n'amavuta; - Umuco w’umuhondo: Gutera imbere kw’ibara ry’urukoba, umutuku mu ruhu rworoshe, no gukayangana kw’urukoba. |
| Infrared (IR) amatara | Hafi y'impongano -infrared (760-1400nm), {-infrared (1400-3000nm), 3000nm-1mm) | Ahanini bituma umuntu agira "ubushuhe": Iyo umuco ushizweko n'imitsi, uhinduka inguvu z'ubushuhe, itera imbere amaraso yo mu karere, imitsi iruhutse, n'ububabare. | - Hafi -inganire: Gushushanya kw’imitsi y’umubiri (nk’akarorero, ingingo, imitsi) kugira ngo umuntu akureho ububabare budahera (nk’akarorero, indwara y’ibihimba vy’irondoka, ububabare bw’imitsi y’umubiri); - Kure-inganire: Gushushanya ku ruhande kugira ngo umuntu agume asusurutsa no gutuma uruja n’uruza rw’aho hantu (nk’igitereko gikanye, ibiganza n’ibirenge bikonje). |
| idasanzwe-Inyuma z'Impanuro z'Ifoto | Uburebure bw’umuvuduko w’umuvuduko (nk’akarorero, umurongo w’ibarabara ry’ibarabara ry’ibarabara ry’ibarabara ry’ibarabara ry’ibarabara ry’ibarabara ry’ibarabara ry’ibarabara ry’ibarabara ry’ibarabara ry’ibarabara ry’ibarabara ry’ibarabara) | Yibanda ku ngaruka nyayo y’uburebure bw’umuvuduko umwe kugira ngo igabanye ingaruka mbi ziterwa n’ibindi burebure bw’umuvuduko. | - Narrowband amatara ya UVB: Bikoreshwa cane cane mu kuvura indwara z’urukoba zifise ingaruka nkeyi kuruta - UVB; - Ubuvuzi bw’ibimenyetso (PDT): Ikoreshwa n’ibikoresho vyo kuvura kanseri y’urukoba, acuminatum y’ivyuma, n’ibindi. |
II. Ivyiyumviro vy'Ivyiyumviro vy'Ivyiyumviro vy'Ivyiyumviro
Ikoreshwa ry’amatara y’amafoto ryaragutse kuva mu bijanye n’ubuvuzi gushika ku bijanye n’ubuvuzi n’ubwiza bwo mu rugo. Ivyiyumviro vy'imiterere n'ikoreshwa ry'ibikoresho biratandukanye cane mu bihe bitandukanye:
1. Umurima w'ubuvuzi (Ivyo bisabwa n'umwuga)
Ubuvuzi bw'indwara: Iyi ni yo nzira y’ubuvuzi ya kera cane y’ubuvuzi bw’amafoto. Nk’akarorero, amatara ya UVB yakoreshejwe mu bitaro avura indwara y’ibicurane (mu guhagarika utugingo ngengabuzima tw’urukoba bugenda buragwira) n’ivyo bita vitiligo (mu gutuma imitsi y’urukoba isubira gutera imbere). Igihe n’incuro vy’imishwarara bitegerezwa gucungiwe n’umuganga kugira ngo ntihagire ibiturika.
Inzinguzingu n'Ivyiyumviro: Amatara ya UVC (ari n'amatara y'indwara y'ibicurane") akoreshwa mu gutera imigera mu kirere no ku ruhande mu bidukikije vy'ubuvuzi (nk'akarorero, ivyumba vyo kubaga, ICUs) n'ama laboratwari, ashobora kwica imigera nka COVID-19 n'imigera nk'E. coli. Gushikirwa n'umubiri w'umuntu ataco bimaze .(nk’uko bishobora guturira urukoba n’amaso).
Ubuvuzi bw'amashami bw'amafarasi: Amatara y’umuco yihariye (afise uburebure bw’umuvuduko bwa 420-470nm) arashobora gutuma bilirubine ibora mu bana bavutse vuba (bilirubine nyinshi cane zituma haba jaundice). Mu gihe c’ubuvuzi, amaso y’umwana aherutse kuvuka be n’ibihimba vy’irondoka bitegerezwa kurindwa kugira ngo umuco w’ubururu ntuhonye.
2. Ukwitwararika ubuzima bwo mu rugo
Itongo ry'urukoba: Ivyuma vy’imbere mu nzu (nk’akarorero, ibipfukisho vy’umuco utukura, amakaramu y’ubururu) bikoresha umuco w’umutuku kugira ngo uzimire imirongo myiza no gusanura ibimenyetso vy’ibisebe, n’umuco w’ubururu kugira ngo umuntu avure ibisebe. Ivyo bikoresho biratekanye ariko birakora neza cane kuruta ibikoresho vy’ubuvuzi kandi bisaba gukoresha igihe kirekire.
Itangazo: Amatara y'imbere mu nzu (nk'akarorero, "kuba amatara y'umubiri") akoreshwa mu gukuraho ububabare bwo mu mitsi (nk'akarorero, inyuma y'aho-Impumuro) n'umururumba w'ingingo (nk'akarorero, indwara y'ibihimba vy'umubiri). Bigabanya ububabare mu gutuma amaraso agenda neza biciye ku ngaruka z’ubushuhe. Urugendo rudatekanye rutegerezwa gutunganirizwa mu gihe co gukoresha (kugira ngo ntihagire uwuyikoresha).
Vitamine D Kwonga: Amatara amwe amwe y’UVB yo mu nzu arashobora gufasha mu gukora vitamine D (bikwiye ku bantu bafise izuba ridahagije, nk’abo mu bakozi bo mu buraruko canke mu bikorwa vyo mu nzu). Ariko rero, igihe co gutera imishwarara gitegerezwa kugenzurwa cane (ugushikirwa n’ibintu birenze urugero bituma umuntu agira kanseri y’urukoba), kandi ni vyiza ko umuganga agira inama.
III. Ukwiyubara kw'ingenzi zo gukoresha amatara y'ubuvuzi
Naho amatara y’amafoto afise ingaruka zigaragara, gukoresha nabi bishobora gutuma umuntu agira ingorane ku buzima. Ibi bikurikira bisaba ko umuntu yitwararika cane:
Irinde Ukwakira ahantu heza:
Amatara y’umuco wa UVC, amatara y’umuco w’ubururu, n’amatara ya UVB ntibitegerezwa gushikirwa n’amaso (bishobora gutuma umuntu agira indwara y’umusonga, keratitite, canke mbere n’ibirahuri), kandi amataratara yihariye yo kwikingira ategerezwa kwambarwa;
Mu gihe c’ubuvuzi bw’abana bavutse vuba, amaso y’umwana aherutse kuvuka n’ibihimba vy’irondoka bitegerezwa gupfukwa n’umuco- impuzu.
Igihe co kugenzura imishwarara:
Ku bijanye n’ubuvuzi bw’amafoto (nk’akarorero, ubuvuzi bwa psoriasis), ni ngombwa ko umuntu ashobora kwubahiriza impanuro z’umuganga ata gufyina kugira ngo ntihagire imishwarara irenze urugero, ivyo bikaba bishobora gutuma urukoba ruturirwa, urukoba rugasha canke mbere n’ingorane zo kurwara kanseri y’urukoba;
Amatara y’imbere mu nzu akwiye gukoreshwa ku ntambwe ya 15-30cm, igihe cose co kurara imishwarara kitarenga iminota 20, kugira ngo urukoba ntiryigere.
Ikoreshwa ry'Abantu yihariye canke ry'ukwiyubara:
Abagore bataravuka, abagore bavyara, n’inzoya zibujijwe gukoresha amatara ya UVC n’amatara ya UVB;
Abarwayi barwaye kanseri y’urukoba canke indwara z’urukoba (nk’akarorero, lupus erytematosus) barabujijwe gukoresha amatara ya UVB n’amatara y’umuco w’ubururu;
Abantu bafata imiti igaragara (nk’akarorero, imiti irwanya indwara, imiti igabanya indwara y’ibicurane) bakwiye kwirinda gukoresha amatara y’ubuvuzi bw’amafoto (nk’uko vyongera ubushobozi bwo gutahura urukoba ku ruhu, bigatuma ishobora guturika).
Hasi hagati y'Ivyiyumviro "Ivugurura-Inguvu" na "Imbere{1}}Ikoreshwa" Ivyagezwe:
Amatara y’ubuvuzi y’ubuvuzi (nk’akarorero, amatara ya UVB yo kuvura indwara z’urukoba, amatara y’abana bato) ategerezwa gukoreshwa mu bigo vy’ubuvuzi kandi ntashobora kugurwa kugira ngo akoreshwe mu rugo;
Ku nzu- Gukoresha amatara y'amafoto (nk'akarorero, ibikoresho vy'ubwiza vya LED, kure- amatara y'umubiri), ibintu bimenyerewe - rabrand bikwiye gutorwa kugira ngo umuntu yirinde kugura "igicuruzwa bitatu{5} nta bikoresho" (bishobora kuba bifise uburebure bw'umuvuduko butahagaze no kwongera ingorane).
Icegeranyo
Itara ry'amafoto ni igikoresho gishingiye ku ngingo ngenderwako y'uko "uburebure bw'imipfunda y'umuco w'umuco utuma umuntu akora neza." Agaciro kayo k'ishimikiro kari mu "bikenewe mu buryo busanzwe"- kuva ku kuvura indwara z'urukoba n'uguhungabanywa mu bijanye n'ubuvuzi gushika ku kwitwararika ubwiza n'ugufasha ububabare mu rugo. Ariko rero, birahambaye kumenya ko .ubuvuzi bw'amafoto butegerezwa gukorwa mu buyobozi bw'umuganga, kandi muhira- Gukoresha ubuvuzi bw'amafoto bisaba kwubahiriza ingingo mfatirwako z'umutekano .kugira ngo ntihagire ingorane z’amagara ziterwa n’ugukoresha nabi.